HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS)

HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) is a web security policy mechanism that helps to protect websites against man-in-the-middle attacks such as protocol downgrade attacks and cookie hijacking. It achieves this by telling browsers to automatically convert all HTTP links to HTTPS, ensuring all communications between the user and the website are encrypted. Implementing HSTS is crucial for maintaining the security and integrity of user data.

Common Issues Affecting HSTS Implementation:

• HTTP links not automatically redirected to HTTPS
• Improper configuration of HSTS headers
• Lack of support for HSTS preloading
• Insecure subdomains

Solutions to Implement HSTS:

• Set Up HTTPS:
  • Ensure your website is fully accessible via HTTPS.
  • Obtain and install an SSL/TLS certificate from a trusted Certificate Authority (CA).
  • Configure your server to redirect all HTTP traffic to HTTPS.
• Configure HSTS Headers:
  • Add the HSTS header to your server configuration:

    Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload

  • Set a long max-age value to ensure the policy is in effect for an extended period (e.g., one year).
  • Include the `includeSubDomains` directive to apply HSTS to all subdomains.
  • Use the `preload` directive to submit your site to the HSTS preload list.
• Submit to HSTS Preload List:
  • Ensure your HSTS header includes the `preload` directive.
  • Visit the [HSTS preload list submission site](https://hstspreload.org/) and submit your domain.
• Secure All Subdomains:
  • Ensure all subdomains are accessible via HTTPS and configured with HSTS.
  • Check for mixed content issues and fix any insecure links on your subdomains.
• Regularly Monitor and Update:
  • Regularly check your HSTS configuration using online tools or browser developer tools.
  • Keep your SSL/TLS certificates up to date and renew them before they expire.